Full-text sections checked
Publisher HTML: §3 Research methods; §§4.1–4.2 Results and discussion; §5 Conclusion.
Checked16 October 2026 · Makassar, Indonesia
Thai/English summaries are project paraphrases, not official translations or endorsement of the original study.
Research question
Which inter-agency arrangements could strengthen urban fire resilience?
Method and context
Qualitative and historical case analysis using interviews, focus groups, observations, archival material and policy documents.
Study summary
The Makassar case maps agency relationships and develops a collaboration framework. Much of its discussion is prescriptive; it does not evaluate an implemented intervention.
Findings
The authors describe fire-service cooperation with police and health actors, while identifying unresolved information-system integration and differing organizational priorities.
Contribution
Organizes proposed coordination around shared procedures, command arrangements, information exchange and resource allocation.
Interpretation limits
Our appraisal: sample recruitment and analytical procedures are insufficiently detailed; proposed improvements lack measured response-time or loss-reduction evidence.
A question for further research
Project proposal: test role clarity and resource-sharing procedures in an urban-fire tabletop exercise.
A starting point for a study design: extend the literature search, specify methods and outcomes, and assess ethics requirements for the data and participants.
Connect evidence to KSEC / OBE
Project-proposed critical-appraisal evidence, not research findings or accreditation criteria from the original authors.
- K
- Explain the question, concepts and findings with locators in the original.
- S
- Compare methods, variables and limitations with another study before designing a test or CPX.
- E
- Separate reported results from your proposals, cite originals and examine implications for vulnerable groups.
- C
- Record responses to critique and revisions after new evidence. Observe behaviour repeatedly, not from a single reading.
Related learning modules
Related knowledge domains
Original-study citation
Ahmad Harakan; Yusuf Adam Hilman; A. Junaedi Karso; Awaluddin Awaluddin; Nurhalijah Nurhalijah; Indah Sidrawaty Muin; Aldy Nurdiansyah B; Arfan Fadillah; Rudi Hardi (2025). Inter-agency collaboration in building urban fire resilience in Indonesia: how do metropolitan cities address it?. Frontiers in Sustainable Cities, 7, 1492869. https://doi.org/10.3389/frsc.2025.1492869
Verify details against the original and format for your journal or institution. Titles and author names follow the source.