Full-text sections checked
Full text: Materials and methods, Results/Tables 2–5, Discussion/Limitations; author-affiliation corrigendum checked
Checked 16 October 2026 · Mae Song, Tha Song Yang, Tak; January–June 2018 data
Thai/English summaries are project paraphrases, not official translations or endorsement of the original study.
Research question
How do handwashing practices relate to water, soap and everyday constraints?
Method and context
Mixed-methods cross-sectional study: 384 caregiver questionnaires and nine Thai-literate interviewees, recruited through 11 child centres.
Study summary
Studies border communities including people outside camps; contextual WASH evidence, not a flood-response intervention trial.
Findings
Of all 384 respondents, 14.8% reported always using soap or detergent before meal preparation and 14.1% after toilet use; interviews identified cost, convenience and water-access barriers.
Contribution
Supports assessment of both facilities and users’ reasoning rather than message awareness alone.
Interpretation limits
Authors note self-report bias and absent legal-status data; our appraisal: no causal inference or assumption that every participant was a refugee.
A question for further research
Project proposal: assess handwashing points, language access and caregiver constraints in a simulated shelter, then co-design responses with user representatives.
A starting point for a study design: extend the literature search, specify methods and outcomes, and assess ethics requirements for the data and participants.
Connect evidence to KSEC / OBE
Project-proposed critical-appraisal evidence, not research findings or accreditation criteria from the original authors.
- K
- Explain the question, concepts and findings with locators in the original.
- S
- Compare methods, variables and limitations with another study before designing a test or CPX.
- E
- Separate reported results from your proposals, cite originals and examine implications for vulnerable groups.
- C
- Record responses to critique and revisions after new evidence. Observe behaviour repeatedly, not from a single reading.
Related learning modules
Related knowledge domains
Original-study citation
Kasama Pooseesod; Masahiro Umezaki; Athit Phetrak; Suparat Phuanukoonnon (2023). Handwashing among caregivers of young children in a protracted and complex refugee and immigration context: a mixed methods study on the Thai–Myanmar border. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1099831. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1099831
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