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Published PDF from UCL repository: §2 pp. 2–4, §3 pp. 4–5, §4–5 pp. 5–6, §6–6.4/§7 pp. 7–8
Checked 16 October 2026 · Schools in Palu, Sigi and Donggala, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Thai/English summaries are project paraphrases, not official translations or endorsement of the original study.
Research question
How well does postdisaster WASH recovery address schoolgirls’ hygiene and privacy needs?
Method and context
Mixed methods combined 18 school observations, 26 principal interviews, surveys and focus groups; interventions were piloted in three schools.
Study summary
Examines toilets, water, menstrual hygiene and maintenance roughly three years after the 2018 disaster.
Findings
Privacy and water-reliability problems persisted; awareness of locks and bins was limited, and only one school displayed posters.
Contribution
Links physical WASH improvements with school management and communication.
Interpretation limits
Authors identify COVID, budget and follow-up constraints; a nonrepresentative follow-up cannot establish intervention effectiveness.
A question for further research
Our question: can Thai school shelters monitor locks, waste disposal and confidential complaints?
A starting point for a study design: extend the literature search, specify methods and outcomes, and assess ethics requirements for the data and participants.
Connect evidence to KSEC / OBE
Project-proposed critical-appraisal evidence, not research findings or accreditation criteria from the original authors.
- K
- Explain the question, concepts and findings with locators in the original.
- S
- Compare methods, variables and limitations with another study before designing a test or CPX.
- E
- Separate reported results from your proposals, cite originals and examine implications for vulnerable groups.
- C
- Record responses to critique and revisions after new evidence. Observe behaviour repeatedly, not from a single reading.
Related learning modules
Related knowledge domains
Original-study citation
Margarita Garfias Royo; Imaduddin Ahmed; Ella Meilianda; Priti Parikh (2024). WASH recommendations for improving disaster preparedness and recovery in schools in Indonesia. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 114, 104924. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104924
Verify details against the original and format for your journal or institution. Titles and author names follow the source.