Full-text sections checked
Publisher PDF, 12 pages: Methods pp. 2–7, Results/Tables 2–4 pp. 8–9, Discussion/limitations pp. 9–11
Checked 16 October 2026 · Paramedic students, Ramathibodi, Mahidol University
Thai/English summaries are project paraphrases, not official translations or endorsement of the original study.
Research question
Does VR improve mass-casualty triage learning beyond tabletop training?
Method and context
Eighty-three students were randomized to VR (42) or traditional training (41); tests, motivation surveys and one-week simulated performance followed.
Study summary
Both groups received lectures; two experts assessed practical performance on ten standardized patients.
Findings
VR had higher SORT scores (14.39 versus 12.10, Table 4) and motivation; SIEVE/START accuracy and timing differences were nonsignificant.
Contribution
Distinguishes observed procedural scores from self-reported motivation.
Interpretation limits
Authors note one institution and absent blinding; long-term retention remains unknown, and clinical effectiveness was not measured.
A question for further research
Our question: how can Thai CPX assess accuracy, speed and retention separately?
A starting point for a study design: extend the literature search, specify methods and outcomes, and assess ethics requirements for the data and participants.
Connect evidence to KSEC / OBE
Project-proposed critical-appraisal evidence, not research findings or accreditation criteria from the original authors.
- K
- Explain the question, concepts and findings with locators in the original.
- S
- Compare methods, variables and limitations with another study before designing a test or CPX.
- E
- Separate reported results from your proposals, cite originals and examine implications for vulnerable groups.
- C
- Record responses to critique and revisions after new evidence. Observe behaviour repeatedly, not from a single reading.
Related learning modules
Related knowledge domains
Original-study citation
Kritsada Chumvanichaya; Chaiyaporn Yuksen; Promphet Nuanprom; Kasamon Aramvanitch (2025). A comparison of SIEVE, SORT, and START triage training effectiveness between immersive interactive 3D learning materials using virtual reality (VR-SSST) and traditional methods in mass casualty incidents. International Journal of Emergency Medicine, 18, 55. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-025-00850-2
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