Full-text sections checked
Publisher PDF, 10 pages: Materials and Methods pp. 646–649, Results/Tables 3–4 pp. 649–652, Conclusion p. 652
Checked 16 October 2026 · Water sources near four evacuation centers, Kuala Krai, Kelantan, Malaysia
Thai/English summaries are project paraphrases, not official translations or endorsement of the original study.
Research question
How do well, flood and rainwater sources compare for evacuation-center WASH planning?
Method and context
Samples from 14 stations in December 2016–January 2017 were assessed using six parameters and a water-quality index.
Study summary
Compares six wells, four floodwater stations and four rainwater stations near evacuation centers.
Findings
Rainwater scored Class II; most well and floodwater scored Class III; authors still required treatment before drinking.
Contribution
Adds source-sampling evidence to flood WASH contingency planning.
Interpretation limits
Our appraisal: this index excludes pathogen testing; one season cannot establish drinking safety or disease reduction.
A question for further research
Our question: can Thai shelters test microbes and storage contamination alongside source quality?
A starting point for a study design: extend the literature search, specify methods and outcomes, and assess ethics requirements for the data and participants.
Connect evidence to KSEC / OBE
Project-proposed critical-appraisal evidence, not research findings or accreditation criteria from the original authors.
- K
- Explain the question, concepts and findings with locators in the original.
- S
- Compare methods, variables and limitations with another study before designing a test or CPX.
- E
- Separate reported results from your proposals, cite originals and examine implications for vulnerable groups.
- C
- Record responses to critique and revisions after new evidence. Observe behaviour repeatedly, not from a single reading.
Related learning modules
- Community preparedness and inclusive shelters
- Thailand floods 2011: interconnected impacts and recovery
Related knowledge domains
Original-study citation
Koh Liew See; Nasir Nayan; Mohmadisa Hashim; Yazid Saleh; Hanifah Mahat (2021). Alternative Water Resources Quality Assessment during Flood Disaster in Kuala Krai, Kelantan, Malaysia. Sains Malaysiana, 50(3), 645–654. https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5003-07
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